BPH
BPH or benign prostate hypertrophy means the prostate has grown larger. The prostate is a small gland below the bladder. It wraps around the tube that carries urine out of your body. When it grows, it can press on that tube and make it harder to pee. BPH is very common as men get older. It is not cancer.
Common symptoms
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A weak or slow urine stream
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Trouble starting to pee
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Dribbling at the end
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Feeling like your bladder isn't empty
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Needing to pee often, especially at night
Get help right away if you:
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Cannot pee at all
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See blood in your urine
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Have pain, burning, or fever when peeing
How it's treated
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Watch and wait: For mild symptoms, small changes help — drink less at night, cut back on caffeine and alcohol.
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Medicine: Some pills relax the prostate to improve flow. Others shrink it over time.
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Procedures or surgery: Used if medicine doesn't help enough.
What is prostate cancer?
The prostate is a small gland below the bladder that helps make semen. Prostate cancer happens when cells in the prostate grow out of control. It is the most common cancer in men (other than skin cancer). Many prostate cancers grow very slowly and may never cause harm, while a smaller number grow quickly and can spread.
Who is at higher risk?
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Older age — most cases are found in men over 50
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Family history — a father or brother with prostate cancer
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Black/African American men — higher risk and often at a younger age
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Certain inherited gene changes
What are the symptoms?
Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. That is why screening is used to look for it before symptoms start. When symptoms do occur, they can include trouble urinating, a weak stream, blood in the urine or semen, or bone pain if cancer has spread. These symptoms are more often caused by non-cancer conditions like an enlarged prostate.
What is screening?
The main screening test is a simple blood test called PSA (prostate-specific antigen). A higher PSA level can be a sign of cancer, but it can also be raised by non-cancer causes. Sometimes a prostate exam is also done. If the PSA is high, the next steps may include repeating the test, an MRI scan, or a biopsy.
Prostate Cancer Screening
Testicular Pain
About testicular pain:
Pain in the testicle (or scrotum, the sac that holds the testicles) is common and has many causes. Some are minor, but a few are emergencies. The most important thing to know: sudden, severe testicle pain needs to be checked right away — go to the emergency room.
Get emergency care right away if you have:
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Sudden, severe pain in one testicle, especially with nausea or vomiting
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Swelling of the scrotum that comes on fast
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A testicle that looks higher than usual or sits at an odd angle
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Pain after an injury that is severe or not getting better
Common causes of testicular pain
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Testicular torsion: A twisting that cuts off blood flow. Causes sudden, severe pain, often with nausea. Most common in teens and young men. This is a surgical emergency.
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Epididymitis (infection or inflammation): The tube behind the testicle becomes inflamed, usually from infection.
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Injury: A direct hit or trauma to the scrotum.
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Other causes: Sometimes pain comes from a hernia, kidney stone, or has no clear cause.